SACRAMENTO — The state said Thursday it would cut water deliveries to their second lowest level ever, prompting warnings of water rationing for cities and less planting by farmers. The Department of Water Resources announced it will deliver just 15 percent of the amount that local water agencies throughout California request every year. That marks the second lowest projection since the first State Water Project deliveries were made in 1962.

Yuba City Utilities Director Bill Lewis said the city is somewhat cushioned from the cuts in water deliveries because it gets enough water for future growth. That allows it to build a surplus that could avoid rationing next year if the rainy season is dry. "It's way too early to tell," said Lewis. The city will start looking at water supplies in January.

The Butte County Water and Resource Conservation agency out of Oroville also will be impacted by the state's delivery reduction. In all, 29 water system diverters will feel the cuts. Farmers in the Central Valley say they'll be forced not to plant fields, while cities from the San Francisco Bay area to San Diego might have to impose mandatory water rationing. Mike Young, a fourth generation farmer in Kern County, called the water projections disastrous.

"For the amount of acres we've got, we're not going to have enough water to farm," he said. The reservoirs that are most crucial to the state's water delivery system are at their lowest levels since 1977. That follows two years of dry weather and court-ordered restrictions on water pumping out of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. This year, water agencies received just 35 percent of the water they requested.

Lake Oroville, California's second largest reservoir, is usually half full this time of year, but is at just 30 percent capacity. In Southern California, the Metropolitan Water District — the agency that supplies water to about half the state's population — has depleted more than a third of its water reserves. The agency's general manager, Jeff Kightlinger, said Californians must immediately reduce their water use to stretch what little water is available.

"We are preparing for the very real possibility of water shortages and rationing throughout the region in 2009," Kightlinger told reporters in conference call. He said his board will consider rationing during its meeting next month. The State Water Project delivers water to more than 25 million residents and 750,000 acres of farmland.

In 2006, water agencies received their full allotment, in part because of heavy rains and a thick Sierra snowpack that year. But last year, a federal court limited water pumping out of the delta to protect the threatened delta smelt. Department of Water Resources Director Lester Snow said the bleak outlook underscores the governor's call to retool California's massive water storage and delivery system.

Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger favors building more dams and designing a new way to funnel water through or around the environmentally fragile delta. The proposals have failed to gain traction in the Legislature. Earlier this year, Schwarzenegger called on water agencies to voluntarily cut their water use 20 percent by 2020. He has stopped short of issuing a mandatory conservation order, a strategy that has never been used by the state, Snow said.

"Our strong preference is that the regions design a program that best fits their own needs," Snow said. "If things get worse, we will take additional action." Even with Thursday's dire projection, a wet winter could mean cities and farms ultimately get more water, said Ted Thomas, a spokesman for the state water department. That was the situation in 1993, when the state promised contractors just 10 percent of their requests, the lowest initial projection on record. That later was revised to 100 percent after the state received heavy precipitation.

Unlike then, state and federal water agencies are under a court order to cut pumping from the delta because a federal judge last year ruled that the giant pumps were harming threatened fish. "We are anticipating drastically reduced water supplies, regardless of weather conditions," Laura King Moon, assistant general manager of the State Water Contractors, said in a statement.

Bottled water has contaminants too, study finds

 

By JEFF DONN  - AP National Writer

Tests on leading brands of bottled water turned up a variety of contaminants often found in tap water, according to a study released Wednesday by an environmental advocacy group. The findings challenge the popular impression - and marketing pitch - that bottled water is purer than tap water, the researchers say. However, all the brands met federal health standards for drinking water. Two violated a California state standard, the study said. An industry group branded the findings "alarmist." Joe Doss, president of the International Bottled Water Association, said the study is based on the faulty premise that a contaminant is a health concern "even if it does not exceed the established regulatory limit or no standard has been set." The study's lab tests on 10 brands of bottled water detected 38 chemicals including bacteria, caffeine, the pain reliever acetaminophen, fertilizer, solvents, plastic-making chemicals and the radioactive element strontium. Though some probably came from tap water that some companies use for their bottled water, other contaminants probably leached from plastic bottles, the researchers said. "In some cases, it appears bottled water is no less polluted than tap water and, at 1,900 times the cost, consumers should expect better," said Jane Houlihan, an environmental engineer who co-authored the study. The two-year study was done by the Washington-based Environmental Working Group, an organization founded by scientists that advocates stricter regulation. It found the contaminants in bottled water purchased in nine states and Washington, D.C. Researchers tested one batch for each of 10 brands. Eight did not have contaminants high enough to warrant further testing. But two brands did, so more tests were done and those revealed chlorine byproducts above California's standard, the group reported. The researchers identified those two brands as Sam's Choice sold by Wal-Mart and Acadia of Giant Food supermarkets. In the Wal-Mart and Giant Food bottled water, the highest concentration of chlorine byproducts, known as trihalomethanes, was over 35 parts per billion. California's limit is 10 parts per billion or less, and the industry's International Bottled Water Association makes 10 its voluntary guideline. The federal limit is 80. Wal-Mart said its own studies did not turn up illegal levels of contaminants. Giant Food officials released a statement asserting that Acadia meets all regulatory standards. Acadia is sold in the mid-Atlantic states, so it isn't held to California's standard. In most places, bottled water must meet roughly the same federal standards as tap water. The researchers also said the Wal-Mart brand was five times California's limit for one particular chlorine byproduct, bromodichloromethane. The environmental group wants Wal-Mart to label its bottles in California with a warning because the chlorine-based contaminants have been linked with cancer. It has filed a notice of intent to sue. Wal-Mart spokeswoman Shannon Frederick said the company was "puzzled" by the findings because testing by suppliers and another lab had detected no "reportable amounts" of such contaminants. She said Wal-Mart would investigate further but defended the quality of its bottled water. The researchers recommend that people worried about water contaminants drink tap water with a carbon filter.